In a paper published in the International Journal of Dermatology, the authors discuss diet and acne. The authors report states that diets high in sugar, excess cola and soft drinks, salty foods, dairy products, fast food and chocolate seem to be acne promoting foods. On the other hand, eating fruits, vegetables and possibly fish are protective against acne. ~ Dr. Broussard
February 02, 2021
International Journal of Dermatology
TAKE-HOME MESSAGE
- The authors performed a systematic review using the PubMed database that included 11 interventional clinical trials and 42 observational studies conducted between January 2009 and April 2020. They found several dietary factors associated with acne promotion, including a high glycemic index and/or glycemic load diet, dairy products, fast food, and chocolate. There is limited evidence to suggest eating eggs more than 3 days per week, excess cola and soft drinks, and salty food could be acne-promoting factors. Eating fruits and vegetables, typically more than 3 days per week, has a protective role concerning acne. There is a possible acne-protective factor with fish intake, while it is uncertain what role fatty acids play in acne.
- This review adds to the available data previously published in 2009 regarding the role of diet in patients with acne. The data discussed in this study are important for accurate patient education regarding this popular subject and further studies are needed to confirm and elucidate some of these associations.
Written by David Rakel MD, FAAFP
The Acne Diet
The number of published research papers on nutrition and acne has been greater in the last 10 years than the previous 50. This systematic review summarizes the findings.
In general, what is good for the heart is also good for the skin, except for chocolate. The flavonoids in dark chocolate improve the endothelial lining and lower blood pressure for heart health, but chocolate may worsen acne. To see if it was the sugar or the chocolate, one study supplemented groups with chocolate or jelly beans. Despite similar amounts of sugar, the chocolate group had more acne lesions. Chocolate also remained a trigger for acne when dark chocolate was studied without added milk or sugar.
Diet influences hormones that are known to worsen acne. Eating a high glycemic diet triggers excess insulin, which causes weight gain and inflammation. The sugar load in fruit juices, soda, processed foods, and products made from white flour have a similar effect. Dairy is rich in estrogens, androgens, IGF-1, and bovine growth hormone. Both whole and skim milk contain acne-causing hormones, and, lastly, saturated fat from non-dairy sources also poses an inflammatory risk.
A Summary of the Acne Diet
Foods to Avoid in Descending Effect
- Dairy products.
- Foods with a high glycemic index and load. These are mainly sugar void of fiber and include candy, breads and other baked goods made from white flour, rice, fruit juices, soda, and processed foods.
- Saturated fat from excess red meat and fried foods.
- Chocolate.
- Although not a food, mental stress is also a known trigger of acne. This is made worse if we eat the above foods when under stress (stress eating).
Foods to Eat to Avoid Acne
- Whole vegetables and fruit.
- Essential fatty acids found in cold water fish and oily plants like flax seed, nuts, and avocados.
- Less acne has been associated with eating the Mediterranean diet, which includes the above foods with high fiber, whole grains, and olive oil.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Dietary habits may play a non-negligible role in the development, duration, and severity of acne, as shown in past critical review articles on such association.
METHODS
The aim of this systematic review is to supplement data available on scientific literature spanning the last 10 years by inserting the keywords “acne” or “acne vulgaris” and “diet”, “nutrition”, “food”, “chocolate”, “dairy”, “whey protein”, “fatty acid”, or “drink” in the timeframe “January 2009-April 2020” within the PubMed database.
RESULTS
Fifty-three reviewed articles met eligibility criteria. They included 11 interventional clinical trials (seven randomized controlled trials and four uncontrolled open label studies) and 42 observational studies (17 case-control and 22 cross-sectional studies, and three descriptive studies).
CONCLUSIONS
This review reinforces the notion of a rapidly growing exponential trend of interest in this subject by the scientific community. Acne-promoting factors include high GI/GL food, dairy products, fat food, and chocolate, whereas acne-protective factors include fatty acids, fruit, and vegetable intake. The role played by specific dietary components pertaining to different foods, as done for milk (full-fat/whole, reduced-fat, low-fat/skim milk), dairy products (milk cream, ice cream, yogurt, cheese, etc.), or chocolate (cocoa, dark/milk chocolate), remains an unsolved issue and objective of future research.